Polymer photonics for heterogeneous integration of highly nonlinear host-guest systems for third-order nonlinear applications

Heterogeneous integration is the main path forward for advanced integrated photonics, but expanding functionality with new materials often requires complex process modifications. While III-V and TFLN platforms have enabled laser sources and electro-optic switches, extending these approaches to frequency combs and quantum applications increases fabrication challenges. Polymer host-guest systems offer an alternative, separating fabrication and functionality: the polymer host defines the process, while organic dyes provide optical properties. A wide range of dyes supports lasers, modulators, Kerr combs, and single-photon sources without altering the base fabrication process. This work presents a framework for an active polymer photonic platform, studying the nonlinear, lasing, and quantum properties of organic dyes with Kerr coefficients of 10⁻¹⁵ - 10⁻¹⁶ m²/W. Fabrication employs direct laser writing for UV-stable dyes and inkjet printing for localized elements in pre-formed trenches. Demonstrated structures - waveguides, ring resonators, and couplers - highlight the potential for scalable polymer-based heterogeneous photonic integration.