Nanoarchitectured Metasurfaces for High-Performance Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Sensing

Optical metasurfaces—ultrathin arrays of precisely engineered nanostructures—are reshaping biomedical imaging and sensing by enabling unparalleled control over light at the nanoscale. Their ability to manipulate phase, polarization, and near-field interactions within a compact footprint has led to substantial advances in high-resolution imaging, including achromatic focusing, phase-enhanced contrast, and extended depth-of-field techniques. At the same time, emerging high-Q resonant metasurfaces and hybrid plasmonic–dielectric platforms are enabling highly sensitive, label-free biosensing capable of detecting molecular and cellular events in real time. These innovations are accelerating the development of portable, integrated diagnostic systems tailored for point-of-care use. This short review highlights recent progress in metasurface-enabled biomedical technologies and outlines future opportunities for achieving multifunctional, high-performance optical devices that bridge fundamental photonics with clinical needs.