SWIR Geiger-mode APD sensors for covert range-gating and passive target acquisition

Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) sensors offer exceptional photon sensitivity, nanosecond timing, and eye-safe operation for covert range-gating and passive acquisition missions. This paper examines the principles of SWIR GmAPD device design, performance, and integration into low-SWaP imaging systems for defense and surveillance applications. Additionally, integration of these sensors into passive imaging systems are discussed, emphasizing their capability to detect and acquire targets without active illumination, thereby reducing the risk of detection. Performance metrics, such as dark count rate, photon detection efficiency, timing resolution, and noise characteristics, are evaluated to illustrate the advantages over linear-mode and visible-band sensors. Emerging applications in military, defense and aerospace security are also presented, underscoring the transformative potential of this technology in enhancing situational awareness and operational effectiveness in complex environments. SUI’s in-house epitaxial growth and processing technology advancements enable scalable GmAPD arrays for both 3D ranging and passive target detection, expanding mission capability under limited illumination and obscured environments.